Namibia is an all-year-round destination. It has a primarily subtropical desert climate characterised by significant differences in day- and night-time temperatures, low rainfall and low humidity. The climate is generally dry and pleasant, with only a fraction of the rain experienced compared to countries further east.  

Some days will be humid between December and March, and rain may follow, often in the form of localised afternoon thunderstorms. Wildlife viewing in all parks, especially in Etosha National Park, is best in the dry season – May to October – which are also the winter months where average temperatures can drop from 70°F (21°C) midday, to 45°F (7°C) at night. In the wet season, from November to April, animals move away from the waterholes and disperse across the park. ​ 

Visiting the dramatic dunes at Sossusvlei can be done any time of year, but for game-viewing, the dry winter months are the best time to visit Namibia. The skies are clear, the risk of malaria is at its lowest, and animals congregate around water sources. Prepare, however, for freezing night-time temperatures in June and July.

September and October can be a lot warmer. The summer rains between November and April turn the country green and occasionally bring floods to the desert. Summer is the best time to go to Namibia for birdwatching, although you’ll need to be aware of malaria in the Caprivi Strip (renamed the Zambezi Region), Namibia’s wettest region, which is best avoided in the peak wet months of January and February, when the temperature can reach over 95°F (35°C) and even higher in the desert. 

Botswana experiences a temperate climate with low humidity and temperatures range from a mean maximum of 91°F (33°C) in January to a mean minimum of 38°F (4°C) in June. The country has two primary seasons: summer (September-April), characterised by frequent rains and thunderstorms, and winter (May-August), marked by cold, dry days and nights. 

Summer is ideal for observing birds and plants in the Okavango Delta, although temperatures can be quite high. From April to September, days are mild to warm, but nights and early mornings can be cold, especially in June and July. These two months are considered optimal for visiting the Delta, coinciding with the annual “flood” when rainwater from Angola’s bushveld plains reaches the region. The water lilies are in bloom, many aquatic creatures frolic in the water, and a vast diversity of game from the surrounding dry areas moves into the Delta. 

Peak tourist season here runs from June to October. Due to the region’s low-volume tourism approach, lodges often reach capacity months in advance despite premium pricing. Many visitors combine their Delta experience with a trip to Victoria Falls (Zimbabwe/Zambia), which is most impressive at full flood between March and May.  

Public holidays generally have minimal impact on tourist activities.​ 

Zimbabwe and Zambia’s climates are similar to that of South Africa’s northern provinces, characterised by a summer rainy season typically lasting from December to mid-March. Summers are warm to hot (late October to December can be uncomfortable) and winters are mild.  

Health considerations for visitors include a malaria risk in many areas, and the presence of tsetse flies in parts of the Zambezi Valley and the southeast regions. Some rivers, lakes, and dams are contaminated with bilharzia caused by parasitic flatworms. 

The Victoria Falls are often at their fullest around mid-April, at the end of the rainy season (November-April). Approximately 500 million cubic litres of water cascade into the Batoka Gorge every minute. However, the resulting spray can obstruct views and may prevent access to the Grade 5 rapids, renowned in rafting circles as one of the most exhilarating in the world. The rapids are out of bounds when the falls are in flood. During this time, malaria-carrying mosquitoes are most prevalent. 

Temperatures range from 90°F (32°C) in October and November to 60°F (16°C) in June and July. August to December are considered the best months to visit the Falls, when the view is clearer, although at this time, water flow is at its lowest. This period also marks the high season for upmarket lodges, with increased pricing. Public holidays generally have minimal impact on tourist activities.​ 

The coast

South Africa’s Western Cape province attracts the most international visitors during the summer months. While it generally absorbs increased numbers well, parts of Cape Town can become too crowded for the locals. Accommodation prices increase substantially, sometimes by up to 70%. Those averse to crowds should avoid the coastal areas during peak school holidays, typically mid-December to mid-January. 

February and March are ideal for Northern Hemisphere visitors, offering an escape from their winter. April is also favourable, with softer light, spectacular sunsets, and balmy temperatures. However, the Easter weekend requires early booking due to the local 10-day school vacation. 

Winter (June-August) offers unique experiences. From July to November, the Southern right whales migrate along the southern coast, providing the best land-based whale-watching in the world. The Western Cape is a winter rainfall area, with the “green season” (May-August) showcasing verdant valleys and mountains and flowering fynbos (shrublike plants). While rain can be persistent, it’s often interspersed with pleasant, sunny days. 

​​For year-round sunshine, the Garden Route and Karoo, particularly along Route 62, are ideal for driving tours. Winter is optimal for visiting KwaZulu-Natal’s east coast, which can be oppressively humid in summer. 

October to November brings another flowering of the Cape floral kingdom. Beaches are still relatively empty, and you can find accommodation at competitive rates during this shoulder season. 

Inland

The optimal period for big game viewing in and around the Kruger National Park is typically May to August. During these months, the vegetation is less dense, improving visibility, and the risk of malaria is lower. Many private game reserve lodges offer much-reduced rates during this time. However, temperatures can drop significantly, occasionally falling below 32°F (0°C), making night drives particularly challenging.

Climate 

South Africa’s climate varies considerably across regions. In summer, maximum temperatures average around 80°F (27°C) in Cape Town and 90°F (32°C) in Kruger National Park. Winter averages range from 69°F (21°C) in Cape Town to 77°F (25°C) in Durban. High humidity in KwaZulu-Natal can create muggy conditions, and gale-force winds often occur in Cape Town and Port Elizabeth. 

Winter visitors should pack warm clothing despite higher average temperatures compared to the United States or Europe. South African buildings generally lack insulation, and there is no central heating. Interior regions have significant temperature fluctuations in winter, making layering of clothing advisable. 

Rainfall 

South Africa is predominantly arid with two-thirds of it receiving less than 500mm (20 inches) of rain annually. In the interior and along the east coast, rain usually falls in summer, with spectacular thunderstorms providing welcome relief from the intense heat.  

The Garden Route has rain year-round, usually at night. In Cape Town and surrounds, the rain falls mainly in winter, when the grey skies offer the perfect backdrop for the burnt-orange strelitzias, pink proteas, and fields of white arum lilies. The wet weather also provides an ideal atmosphere for enjoying crackling fires and sampling South Africa’s renowned red wines. 

South African holidays

If you intend travelling to South African during the school holidays, it’s advisable to book accommodation well in advance. School holiday dates differ across the provinces, but you can check these with South African Tourism. Generally, they run for four weeks in December and January, two weeks in April, three weeks in June and July, and one week in September. 

Flights tend to be fully booked, particularly over the Christmas holidays. Easter holidays, usually late March to mid-April, can also be busy, while the Kruger National Park is almost always busy during the winter vacation (mid-June to mid-July). There is another short school break in spring, from late September to around the first week of October. 

Southern Africa is an all-year-round ecological and wildlife destination, however, there are some peak times to view birds and animals. 

Best birding months 

​The best birding months are during the summer, from November to early April, when the birds are in breeding mode, and the Palearctic and Intra-African Migrants are present. Species with breeding season plumage, such as weavers, widowbirds and bishops, are in full breeding regalia. This goes for all regions except the Western Cape, which is a winter rainfall area, where the best birding months are during the spring, from late July to the middle of October. 

Best mammal months 

Game viewing can be good throughout the year, with mammal viewing peaking in the dry season, from June to mid-November. During these months, water is scarce, so the animals are concentrated around waterholes and rivers. The depleted foliage allows for better viewing and photographic opportunities. During the summer, when water is abundant, the animals are generally more dispersed. Each season, however, has its appeal, such as the mass birth of impala lambs during early summer. 

Best botanical months

For lovers of floral diversity, the best months are December to May when the vegetation is lush and green, and when most plants are in flower. An exception is Namaqualand in the Western and Northern Cape provinces of South Africa. This area becomes a floral masterpiece in spring (mid-August to late-September), when the desert-like terrain is transformed into a carpet of flowers, and birds are actively courting and displaying. The Western Cape is better for botany in late winter and spring (mid-July to mid-October). Note that the flowers depend on the rains, and the timing and quantity are variable.